General Zoology for all Competitive Examinations: II

- Regulation of water balance is called osmoregulation.

- Osmoregulation in Protozoa is carried out by contractile vacuole.

- Fresh water protozoans have contractile vacuole.

- Marine protozoans and parasitic protozoans lack contractile vacuoles. 

- Fresh water protozoans face endosmosis.

- Marine protozoans face exosmosis.

- Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules from hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution. 

- Human body has isotonic fluids.

- Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis in man.

- Amoebiasis is characterized by bloody stools.

- Stool examination is done to confirm amoebiasis. 

- Metranidazole is used to treat amoebiasis.

- Entamoeba histolytica has no contractile vacuole as it lives in isotonic medium.

- Sharks retain urea in their blood to maintain isotonicity of body fluids with marine water. 

- Sharks are not useful commercially as they emit the smell of urea.

- Dry skin of shark is called 'shagreen' and it is used as abrasive. 

- Isinglass is the material obtained from the air bladder of fish and it is used to improve the quality of wine.

- Swelling of intestine is called peritonitis.

- Collagen is the most abundant protein present in human being. 

- Collagen is called aging protein.

- Lipofusin is called aging pigment. 

- Hemoglobin is a chromo protein.

- Deficiency of iron causes nutritive anemia.

- Deficiency of Vitamin B12 causes pernicious anemia.

- Vitamins folic acid and cyanocobalamine are required for maturation of RBC.

- RBCs of mammals are enucleated (nucleus is absent )

- Only mammals that contain nucleated RBC are camel and lama.

- Blood cancer is called leukemia.

- Ingestion of solid particles is called phagocytosis.

- Cell drinking is called pinocytosis/pinacocytosis. 

- If fresh water amoeba is transferred to marine water, contractile vacuole disappears. 

- Flowing fresh water ecosystem is called "lotic" and stagnant fresh water ecosystem is called "lentic".

- The gas that is responsible for corrosion of Tajmahal is Sulphur dioxide.

- The gas that is released from oil refineries is Sulfur dioxide.

- Carbon dioxide is the major green house gas. 

- The abnormal and unusual rise in global temperature is called "green house effect". This is also called global warming. 

- Chlorofluoro carbons are responsible for ozone hole. 

- Chlorofluoro carbons are used in refrigerators. 

- Aerosols are the suspended particles in the air. 

- Bile juice contains no enzymes.

- Bile salts are useful for emulsification of fats. 

- Bile is stored in gall bladder. 

- Kuffer cells present in liver are the largest phagocytes. 

- Liver cells are called hepatocytes.

- Platelets are useful for blood coagulation. 

- Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents the coagulation of blood inside the blood vessel. 

- Fibrinogen and prothrombin are the clotting factors. 

- Heparin, fibrinogen and prothrombin are synthesized in the liver. 

- Urea is synthesized in the liver and it is called ornithine cycle. 

- Bird excreta is commercially called guano.